Iyini Izinto Zokuhlunga Ze-HEPA Media?

Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza ze-HEPA Filter Media

Ukusebenza kweImidiya yokuhlunga ye-HEPAakuxhomekile nje kuphela ekwakhiweni kwezinto zayo kodwa futhi nasezinqubweni zokukhiqiza ezisetshenziswa ukwakha isakhiwo sefayibha. Nazi izinqubo ezibalulekile ezihilelekile:

1. Ukuncibilikisa (i-Polymeric Media)

Ukuncibilikisa i-meltblowing kuyindlela eyinhloko yokukhiqiza i-polymeric HEPA media. Kule nqubo, ama-polymer pellets (isb., i-polypropylene) ayancibilikiswa futhi akhishwe ngama-nozzles amancane. Umoya oshisayo onesivinini esiphezulu ube usupheshulwa phezu kwemifudlana ye-polymer encibilikisiwe, welulwe ube yizintambo ezincane kakhulu (ngokuvamile ezingama-micrometer angu-1-5 ububanzi) ezifakwa ebhandeni elihambayo lokuhambisa. Njengoba izintambo zipholile, zihlangana ngokungahleliwe ukuze zakhe iwebhu engalukiwe enesakhiwo esinezimbobo, esinezinhlangothi ezintathu. Usayizi wembobo kanye nobuningi be-fiber kungalungiswa ngokulawula ijubane lomoya, izinga lokushisa le-polymer, kanye nesilinganiso sokukhipha, okuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bahlele i-media ukuze ihambisane nezidingo ezithile zokusebenza kahle kanye nokuhamba komoya. I-Meltblown media ishibhile futhi iyakhuliswa, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuvame kakhulu kwezihlungi ze-HEPA ezikhiqizwa ngobuningi.

2. Ukujikeleza nge-Electro (i-Nanofiber Media)

I-Electrospinning inqubo ethuthuke kakhulu esetshenziselwa ukudala imicu ye-polymeric emincane kakhulu (ama-nanofiber, anobubanzi obusukela kuma-nanometer ayi-10 kuya kwayi-100). Kule ndlela, isixazululo se-polymer sifakwa kwisirinji enenaliti encane, exhunywe kugesi onamandla aphezulu. Uma i-voltage isetshenziswa, kudalwa insimu kagesi phakathi kwenaliti kanye nomqoqi osekelwe phansi. Isixazululo se-polymer sikhishwa enalitini njengejethi encane, eyelula futhi yome emoyeni ukuze yakhe ama-nanofiber aqongelela kumqoqi njengomathi omncane, onezimbobo. I-Nanofiber HEPA media inikeza ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga okumangalisayo ngoba imicu emincane idala inethiwekhi ebanzi yama-pores angabamba ngisho nezinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ububanzi be-fiber encane kunciphisa ukumelana nomoya, okuholela ekwehleni kwengcindezi okuphansi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla okuphezulu. Kodwa-ke, i-electrospinning idla isikhathi futhi iyabiza kakhulu kunokuncibilikisa, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza eziphezulu njengamadivayisi ezokwelapha kanye nezihlungi zezindiza.

3. Inqubo Yokubeka Emanzi (Imidiya Ye-Glass Fiber)

I-HEPA media yefayibha yengilazi ivame ukwenziwa kusetshenziswa inqubo ebekwe emanzini, efana nokwenza iphepha. Okokuqala, imicu yengilazi inqunywa ibe ubude obufushane (amamilimitha angu-1-5) bese ixutshwa namanzi kanye nezithasiselo zamakhemikhali (isib. izihlanganisi kanye nezihlakaza) ukuze kwakheke i-slurry. I-slurry bese ipompelwa esikrinini esihambayo (i-wire mesh), lapho amanzi ephuma khona, kushiye i-mat yemicu yengilazi eqondiswe ngokungahleliwe. I-mat iyomiswa futhi ifudunyezwe ukuze kusebenze i-binder, ebopha imicu ndawonye ukuze yakhe isakhiwo esiqinile, esinezimbobo. Inqubo ebekwe emanzini ivumela ukulawula okunembile kokusatshalaliswa kwefayibha kanye nobukhulu, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kokuhlunga okuqhubekayo kuyo yonke i-media. Kodwa-ke, le nqubo idla amandla amaningi kunokuncibilikisa, okubangela izindleko eziphakeme zezihlungi ze-HEPA yefayibha yengilazi.

Izinkomba Zokusebenza Eziyinhloko ze-HEPA Filter Media

Ukuhlola ukusebenza kahle kwe-HEPA filter media, kusetshenziswa izinkomba eziningana zokusebenza ezibalulekile (ama-KPI):

1. Ukusebenza Kahle Kokuhlunga

Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga yi-KPI ebaluleke kakhulu, elinganisa iphesenti lezinhlayiya ezibanjwe yi-media. Ngokwezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke, i-HEPA media yangempela kumele ifinyelele ukusebenza kahle okungenani okungu-99.97% kwezinhlayiya ezingu-0.3 µm (ngokuvamile ezibizwa ngokuthi "usayizi wezinhlayiya ezingena kakhulu" noma i-MPPS). I-HEPA media yezinga eliphezulu (isb., i-HEPA H13, i-H14 ngokwe-EN 1822) ingafinyelela ukusebenza kahle okungu-99.95% noma ngaphezulu kwezinhlayiya ezincane njengo-0.1 µm. Ukusebenza kahle kuhlolwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezifana nokuhlolwa kwe-dioctyl phthalate (DOP) noma ukuhlolwa kwe-polystyrene latex (PSL) bead, okulinganisa ukuhlushwa kwezinhlayiya ngaphambi nangemva kokudlula ku-media.

2. Ukwehla Kwengcindezi

Ukwehla kwengcindezi kubhekisela ekumelaneni nokugeleza komoya okubangelwa yi-filter media. Ukwehla kwengcindezi okuphansi kuyafiseleka ngoba kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla (kwezinhlelo ze-HVAC noma izihlanzi zomoya) futhi kuthuthukisa ukuphefumula (kweziphefumula). Ukwehla kwengcindezi kwe-HEPA media kuncike ekuxineni kwayo kwe-fiber, ukujiya, kanye nosayizi we-pore: i-dense media ene-pores encane ivame ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kodwa futhi nokwehla kwengcindezi okuphezulu. Abakhiqizi balinganisela lezi zici ukudala i-media enikeza kokubili ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nokwehla kwengcindezi okuphansi—isibonelo, ukusebenzisa i-fiber eshajwe ngogesi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ngaphandle kokwandisa ubuningi be-fiber.

3. Amandla Okugcina Uthuli (DHC)

Umthamo wokubamba uthuli yinani eliphezulu kakhulu lezinhlayiya ezingabanjwa yi-media ngaphambi kokuba ukwehla kwengcindezi yazo kudlule umkhawulo ocacisiwe (ngokuvamile u-250–500 Pa) noma ukusebenza kwayo kwehla ngaphansi kwezinga elidingekayo. I-DHC ephezulu isho ukuthi isihlungi sinokuphila isikhathi eside kwesevisi, okunciphisa izindleko zokufaka esikhundleni kanye nemvamisa yokulungisa. I-Glass fiber media ngokuvamile ine-DHC ephezulu kune-polymeric media ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esiqinile kanye nomthamo omkhulu we-pore, okwenza ifaneleke ezindaweni ezinothuli oluningi njengezindawo zezimboni.

4. Ukumelana Kwamakhemikhali Nokushisa

Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile, ukumelana kwamakhemikhali nokushisa kuyizinto ezibalulekile ze-KPI. Imidiya yefayibha yengilazi ingamelana namazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-250°C futhi imelana nama-acid amaningi kanye nezisekelo, okwenza ibe yindawo ekahle yokusetshenziswa ezitshalweni zokushiswa noma ezindaweni zokucubungula amakhemikhali. Imidiya ye-polymeric esekelwe ku-PTFE imelana kakhulu namakhemikhali futhi ingasebenza emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-200°C, kuyilapho imidiya ye-polypropylene imelana kancane nokushisa (izinga lokushisa lokusebenza eliphakeme elingu-~80°C) kodwa inikeza ukumelana okuhle namafutha kanye nezinyibilikisi eziphilayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-HEPA Filter Media

I-HEPA filter media isetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo kuzo zonke izimboni, iqhutshwa isidingo somoya ohlanzekile kanye nezindawo ezingenazinhlayiya:

1. Ukunakekelwa Kwezempilo Nezokwelapha

Ezibhedlela, emitholampilo, nasezindaweni zokukhiqiza imithi, i-HEPA filter media ibalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwamagciwane abangelwa umoya (isb., amagciwane, amagciwane, kanye ne-mold spores). Isetshenziswa emakamelweni okuhlinzwa, emayunithi okunakekelwa okujulile (ama-ICU), emakamelweni okuhlanza okukhiqizwa kwemithi, kanye namadivayisi ezokwelapha afana nama-ventilator kanye nama-respirator. I-glass fiber kanye ne-PTFE-based HEPA media ziyathandwa lapha ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuphezulu, ukumelana namakhemikhali, kanye nekhono lokumelana nezinqubo zokubulala amagciwane (isb., i-autoclaving).

2. Ikhwalithi Yomoya Ohlanzekile kanye Nesakhiwo

Izinhlelo zokushisa, ukungenisa umoya, kanye ne-air conditioner (HVAC) ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano, izikhungo zedatha, kanye nezindlu zokuhlala zisebenzisa i-HEPA filter media ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi (IAQ). I-polymeric HEPA media ivame ukusetshenziswa ezihlanzini zomoya zokuhlala kanye nezihlungi ze-HVAC ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla, kuyilapho i-glass fiber media isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-HVAC zezentengiselwano ezinkulu ezindaweni ezinothuli oluningi.

3. Izimboni kanye Nokukhiqiza

Ezindaweni zezimboni ezifana nokwakhiwa kwe-semiconductor, ukukhiqizwa kwe-elekthronikhi, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezimoto, i-HEPA filter media isetshenziselwa ukugcina amakamelo ahlanzekile anenani eliphansi kakhulu lezinhlayiya (elilinganiswa ngezinhlayiya nge-cubic foot ngayinye). Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zidinga i-HEPA media yezinga eliphezulu (isb., i-H14) ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwezingxenye ezibucayi. I-fiber yengilazi kanye ne-composite media kuyathandwa lapha ngenxa yokusebenza kahle nokuqina kwayo okuphezulu.

4. Imikhiqizo Yabathengi

I-HEPA filter media isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni yabathengi efana ne-vacuum cleaner, i-air purifiers, kanye ne-face masks. I-polymeric meltblown media iyinto eyinhloko kuma-respirator e-N95/KN95, eyaba yinto ebalulekile ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 ekuvikeleni amagciwane aphuma emoyeni. Kuma-vacuum cleaner, i-HEPA media ivimbela uthuli oluncane kanye nezinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba ukuthi zibuyiselwe emoyeni, okuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi.

Amathrendi Esikhathi Esizayo Kuzinto Zokuhlunga Zemidiya ze-HEPA

Njengoba isidingo somoya ohlanzekile sikhula futhi ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, izitayela eziningana zibumba ikusasa lezinto zokuhlunga ze-HEPA:

1. Ubuchwepheshe be-Nanofiber

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-HEPA media esekelwe ku-nanofiber kuyisitayela esibalulekile, njengoba le micu emincane kakhulu inikeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nokwehla kwengcindezi okuphansi kune-media yendabuko. Intuthuko kumasu okushintshashintsha ngogesi kanye nokuncibilikisa i-melt yenza i-nanofiber media ibe ngcono kakhulu ukuyikhiqiza, yandisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekusetshenzisweni kwabathengi kanye nezimboni. Abacwaningi bahlola nokusetshenziswa kwama-polymer abola (isib. i-polylactic acid, i-PLA) ye-nanofiber media ukubhekana nokukhathazeka kwemvelo mayelana nemfucuza yepulasitiki.

2. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwe-Electrostatic

I-electret filter media, ethembele ekushajeni kwe-electrostatic ukuze ibambe izinhlayiya, iya ngokuya ithuthuka. Abakhiqizi bathuthukisa amasu amasha okushaja (isb., ukukhishwa kwe-corona, ukushaja kwe-triboelectric) okuthuthukisa ubude besikhathi sokushaja kwe-electrostatic, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okulinganayo phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwesihlungi. Lokhu kunciphisa isidingo sokushintsha isihlungi njalo futhi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

3. Imidiya Enemisebenzi Eminingi

I-HEPA filter media yesikhathi esizayo izoklanywa ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi, njengokubamba izinhlayiya, ukususa iphunga, kanye nokunciphisa amagesi. Lokhu kufezwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-activated carbon, izinto ezisebenzisa i-photocatalytic (isb., i-titanium dioxide), kanye nama-antimicrobial agents ku-media. Isibonelo, i-HEPA filter media elwa namagciwane ingavimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane kanye nesikhunta ebusweni be-filter, kuncishiswe ingozi yokungcola kwesibili.

4. Izinto Ezisimeme

Njengoba ulwazi ngemvelo lukhula, kukhona ukukhuthazwa kwezinto zokuhlunga ze-HEPA ezihlala isikhathi eside. Abakhiqizi bahlola izinsiza ezivuselelekayo (isib. ama-polymer asekelwe ezitshalweni) kanye nezinto ezingasetshenziswa kabusha ukuze banciphise umthelela wezokuhlunga ezilahlwayo emvelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa imizamo yokuthuthukisa ukusebenziseka kabusha kanye nokubola kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-polymeric ezikhona, kuxazululwa inkinga yemfucuza yokuhlunga ezindaweni zokulahla udoti.

Izinto zemidiya yokuhlunga ye-HEPA ziyisisetshenziswa esikhethekile esenzelwe ukubamba izinhlayiya ezincane emoyeni ngokusebenza kahle okumangalisayo, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni impilo yabantu kanye nokugcina izindawo ezihlanzekile kuzo zonke izimboni. Kusukela ku-fiber yengilazi yendabuko kuya kuma-nanofiber e-polymeric athuthukile kanye nezakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe, ukwakheka kwezinto zemidiya ye-HEPA kwenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukile zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene. Izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezifana nokuncibilikisa, ukuphotha ngogesi, kanye nokubeka okumanzi kunquma isakhiwo semidiya, okuthonya izinkomba zokusebenza ezibalulekile njengokusebenza kahle kokuhlunga, ukwehla kwengcindezi, kanye nomthamo wokubamba uthuli. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, izitayela ezifana nobuchwepheshe be-nanofiber, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-electrostatic, ukwakheka kwemisebenzi eminingi, kanye nokusimama kuqhuba ukusungula izinto ezintsha kumidiya yokuhlunga ye-HEPA, okwenza kube ngcono kakhulu, kube ngcono, futhi kube nobungane nemvelo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusekunakekelweni kwezempilo, ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni, noma emikhiqizweni yabathengi, imidiya yokuhlunga ye-HEPA izoqhubeka nokuba ithuluzi elibalulekile lokuqinisekisa umoya ohlanzekile kanye nekusasa elinempilo.