Lapho kuhlolwa izindwangu ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlunga uthuli, izinto ezimbili ziye zathola ukunakwa okukhulu ngokusebenza kwazo okuvelele: i-PTFE (i-Polytetrafluoroethylene) kanye nesimo sayo esinwetshiwe, i-ePTFE (i-Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene). Lezi zinto zokwenziwa, ezaziwa ngezakhiwo zazo zamakhemikhali nezomzimba ezihlukile, ziye zachaza kabusha ukuhlunga uthuli ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu, zinikeza izinzuzo ezizihlukanisa nezindwangu zendabuko ezifana nokotini, i-polyester, noma ngisho nezinto ezijwayelekile ze-HEPA.
I-PTFE, evame ukubizwa ngegama layo lomkhiqizo i-Teflon, iyi-fluoropolymer edume ngezakhiwo zayo ezinganamatheli, ukumelana namakhemikhali, kanye nokubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ngendlela yayo eluhlaza, i-PTFE iyinto eqinile, kodwa uma iklanywa yaba yizindwangu zokuhlunga, yakha indawo ebushelelezi, engaguquguquki exosha uthuli, uketshezi, kanye nokungcola. Le khwalithi enganamatheli ibalulekile ekuhlungeni uthuli: ngokungafani nezindwangu ezinezimbobo ezibamba izinhlayiya ezijulile ngaphakathi kwemicu yazo (okuholela ekuvalekeni),Izihlungi ze-PTFEvumela uthuli luqongelelane phezu kobuso, okwenza kube lula ukuhlanza noma ukuthuthumela. Lesi sici "sokulayisha ubuso" siqinisekisa ukuhamba komoya okuqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inzuzo ebalulekile ezindaweni ezinothuli oluningi njengezindawo zokwakha noma izitshalo zokukhiqiza.
I-ePTFE, eyadalwa ngokwelula i-PTFE ukuze idale isakhiwo esinezimbobo, ithatha ukusebenza kokuhlunga iye ezingeni elilandelayo. Inqubo yokwandisa idala inethiwekhi yezimbobo ezincane kakhulu (ngokuvamile eziphakathi kwama-microns angu-0.1 no-10) ngenkathi igcina izakhiwo ze-PTFE ezingokwemvelo. Lawa ma-pores asebenza njengesihlungo esinembile: avimba izinhlayiya zothuli—kufaka phakathi izinto ezincane (PM2.5) ngisho nezinhlayiya ezincane—ngenkathi evumela umoya ukuthi udlule ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa. Izimbobo ze-ePTFE zingenziwa ngokwezifiso kakhulu, okwenza zifaneleke kakhulu ezisetshenziswa kusukela ezihlanzini zomoya zokuhlala (ukuhlunga i-pet dander kanye ne-pollen) kuya ezindaweni zokuhlanza zezimboni (ukuthatha imikhiqizo yokukhiqiza esezingeni eliphezulu).
Enye yezinzuzo eziphawuleka kakhulu ze-PTFE kanye ne-ePTFE ukuqina kwazo kanye nokumelana nezimo ezinzima. Ngokungafani nokotini noma i-polyester, okungawohloka uma kuvezwa amakhemikhali, umswakama, noma amazinga okushisa aphezulu, i-PTFE kanye ne-ePTFE azinawo amandla ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa ama-acid kanye nezinyibilikisi. Zingamelana namazinga okushisa asukela ku--200°C kuya ku-260°C (-328°F kuya ku-500°F), okwenza zibe zilungele ukusetshenziswa ezithandweni, ezinhlelweni zokukhipha ugesi, noma ezindaweni zangaphandle lapho izihlungi zivezwa khona esimweni sezulu esibi kakhulu. Lokhu kuqina kuhumusha impilo ende—izihlungi ze-PTFE kanye ne-ePTFE zingahlala izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ziphumelela kakhulu kunezinye izindlela ezilahlwayo njengephepha noma izihlungi zokwenziwa eziyisisekelo.
Enye inzuzo ukuthi izidingo zabo zokulungisa ziphansi. Ngenxa yendawo enganamatheli ye-PTFE, izinhlayiya zothuli azinamatheli kakhulu ezintweni zokuhlunga. Ezimweni eziningi, ukumane ushukumise isihlungi noma ukusebenzisa umoya ocindezelwe kwanele ukukhipha uthuli oluqongelelwe, kubuyisele ukusebenza kahle kwaso. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kabusha akugcini nje ngokunciphisa imfucuza kodwa futhi kunciphisa nezindleko zesikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa nezihlungi ezisetshenziswa kanye. Isibonelo, ezihlanzini ze-vacuum zezimboni, izihlungi ze-ePTFE zingahlanzwa izikhathi eziningi ngaphambi kokudinga ukushintshwa, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezihlungi ze-HEPA—ezibhekwa njengendinganiso yegolide yokuhlunga izinhlayiya ezincane—i-ePTFE iyazimela. Ngenkathi izihlungi ze-HEPA zibamba u-99.97% wezinhlayiya ezingu-0.3-micron, izihlungi ze-ePTFE ezisezingeni eliphezulu zingafinyelela amazinga okusebenza kahle afanayo noma aphezulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhamba komoya okuphezulu kwe-ePTFE (ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo se-pore esilungisiwe) kunciphisa ukucindezeleka ezinhlelweni zabalandeli, okwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa amandla kune-HEPA ezinhlelweni eziningi.
Ekuphetheni, i-PTFE ne-ePTFE zivelele njengezindwangu eziyingqayizivele zezihlungi zothuli. Inhlanganisela yazo eyingqayizivele yokumelana namakhemikhali, ukubekezelela izinga lokushisa, ukubhoboka okwenziwe ngokwezifiso, kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kuzenza zibe nezimo eziningi ngokwanele kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kanye nezimboni. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zisesimweni sendawo ye-PTFE enganamatheli yokuqoqwa kothuli olusindayo noma i-membrane ye-ePTFE enwetshiwe yokuhlunga izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu, lezi zinto zinikeza ikhambi elithembekile nelihlala isikhathi eside lokugcina umoya ungenalo uthuli nezinto ezingcolisayo. Kulabo abafuna isihlungi esilinganisela ukusebenza kahle, ukuqina, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, i-PTFE ne-ePTFE ngokungangabazeki ziphakathi kwezinketho ezinhle kakhulu ezitholakalayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-14-2025